Bren Gun Manual

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Well, maybe not. But it is an important piece of firearms development history, and probably an under-appreciated weapon.Notify me of new posts by email. Shirts, jackets, hats, and much more. For the research network, see BREN. For other uses, see Bren (disambiguation). While best known for its role as the British and Commonwealth forces' primary infantry LMG in World War II, it was also used in the Korean War and saw service throughout the latter half of the 20th century, including the 1982 Falklands War. Although fitted with a bipod, it could also be mounted on a tripod or be vehicle-mounted.The later Bren gun featured a distinctive top-mounted curved box magazine, conical flash hider, and quick change barrel. The name Bren was derived from Brno, the Czechoslovak city in Moravia, where the Zb vz. 26 was designed (in the Zbrojovka Brno Factory ) and Enfield, site of the British Royal Small Arms Factory. The designer was Vaclav Holek, a gun inventor and design engineer.It was replaced in the British Army as the section LMG by the L7 general-purpose machine gun (GPMG), a heavier belt-fed weapon. This was supplemented in the 1980s by the L86 Light Support Weapon firing the 5.56?45mm NATO round, leaving the Bren gun in use only as a pintle mount on some vehicles.The Vickers was heavy and required a supply of water to keep it in operation, which tended to relegate it to static defence and indirect fire support. The Lewis, although lighter, was still heavy and was prone to frequent stoppages; its barrel could not be changed in the field, which meant that sustained firing resulted in overheating until it stopped altogether. In 1922, to find a replacement for the Lewis, the Small Arms Committee of the British Army ran competitive trials between the Madsen, the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), the Hotchkiss, the Beardmore-Farquhar, and the Lewis itself.
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Although the BAR was recommended, the sheer number of Lewis guns available and the difficult financial conditions meant that nothing was done.The design was modified to British requirements under new designation ZGB 33, which was then licensed for British manufacture under the Bren name. The major changes were in the magazine and barrel and the lower pistol grip assembly which went from a swivelling grip frame pivoted on the front of the trigger guard to a sliding grip frame which included the forward tripod mount and sliding ejection port cover. These modifications were categorised in various numbered designations, ZB vz. 27, ZB vz. 30, ZB vz. 32, and finally the ZGB 33, which was licensed for manufacture under the Bren name. Propellant gases vented from a port towards the muzzle end of the barrel through a regulator (visible in the photo, just in front of the bipod) with four quick-adjustment apertures of different sizes, intended to tailor the gas volume to different ambient temperatures (smallest flow at high temperature, e.g. summer desert, largest at low temperature, e.g. winter Arctic). The vented gas drove a piston which in turn actuated the breech block. Each gun came with a spare barrel that could be quickly changed when the barrel became hot during sustained fire, though later guns featured a chrome -lined barrel, which reduced the need for a spare. To change barrels, the release catch in front of the magazine was rotated to unlock the barrel. The carrying handle above the barrel was used to grip and remove the hot barrel without burning the hands.The slower rate of fire prevented more rapid overheating of the Bren's air-cooled barrel, and the Bren was much lighter than belt-fed machine guns, which typically had cooling jackets, often liquid filled. The magazines also prevented the ammunition from getting dirty, which was more of a problem with the Vickers with its 250-round canvas belts.
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The sights were offset to the left, to avoid the magazine on the top of the weapon.Using the sling, Australian soldiers regularly fired the Bren from the hip, for instance in the marching fire tactic, a form of suppressive fire moving forward in assault. A Victoria Cross was awarded to Private Bruce Kingsbury for such use at Isurava, New Guinea, in 1942, during the Australians' fighting retreat from Kokoda.The large ammunition pouches on the 1937 Pattern Web Equipment were designed around the Bren magazine.On long marches in non-operational areas it was often partially disassembled and its parts were carried by two soldiers.Care needed to be taken when loading the magazine to ensure that each round went ahead of the previous round, so that the.303 cartridge rims did not overlap the wrong way, which would cause a jam.The quality of the materials used would generally ensure minimal jamming. When the gun did jam through fouling caused by prolonged firing, the operator could adjust the four-position gas regulator to feed more gas to the piston increasing the power to operate the mechanism. The barrel needed to be unlocked and slid forward slightly to allow the regulator to be turned. It was even said that all problems with the Bren could simply be cleared by hitting the gun, turning the regulator or doing both.This became a greater issue when it was discovered that only 2,300 of the 30,000 Bren guns issued to the British Expeditionary Force came back to Britain after the defeat of France. As the result, cost savings and increased rate of production became two main goals for subsequent variant designs. The Bren Mk II design simplified production by replacing the drum rear sight with a ladder design, making the bipod legs non-adjustable, simplifying the gun butt, reducing the use of stainless steel, among other steps that reduced the cost by 20 to 25; Mk II was approved in September 1940 and entered production in 1941.
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While the Bren Mk III design also aimed at reducing cost, it also had the concurrent goal of being lightened for jungle warfare; the final product weighed 19 pounds and 5 ounces (3 pounds lighter than the original Bren Mk I design); it was standardised in July 1944 and saw a production of 57,600. Also standardised in July 1944 was the Bren Mk IV, which was further lightened to 19 pounds and 2 ounces; however, it did not enter production until July 1945, and only 250 were built before the end of the war. While Enfield was able to produce only 400 Bren Mk I guns each month, with the various simplification efforts production numbers rose to 1,000 guns per week by 1943. Among the variant designs were two speciality prototypes that never entered production: The belt-fed Taden gun for stationary defence use, and the ultra-simplified Besal gun to be produced in case a German invasion of Britain actually took place (which would hinder British production efforts).In Canada, the John Inglis plant in Toronto began tooling its facilities for production in 1938; the first of 186,000 examples was completed in Mar 1940. Some of the Inglis-built Bren guns were chambered for the 7.92-millimeter Mauser ammunition; these were destined for export to Nationalist Chinese forces rather than for British and Commonwealth forces. In Australia, the Lithgow Small Arms Factory in New South Wales began building Bren guns in 1940; a total of 17,249 were built. In India, the factory at Ishapore began building Bren guns in 1942 (it had produced Vickers-Berthier machine guns prior to this time), and would continue producing them for decades long after the end of WW2.It could not be used as a co-axial weapon on tanks, as the magazine restricted its depression and was awkward to handle in confined spaces, and it was therefore used on a pintle mount only.
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(The belt fed Vickers or Besa, the latter being another Czechoslovak machine gun design adopted by the British, were instead used as co-axial weapons.) An unfortunate problem occurred when the Bren was fired from the Dingo Scout Car; the hot cartridge cases tended to be ejected down the neck of the driver, whose position was next to the pintle.The tripod could be adjusted to allow high angle fire. There were also several designs of less-portable mountings, including the Gallows and Mottley mounts. Some ex-Chinese Czech ZB weapons were also in use in the early stages of the Vietnam War. Production of a 7.92 mm round model for the Far East was carried out by Inglis of Canada.It was redesignated as the L4 light machine gun (in various sub-versions) and remained in British Army service into the 1990s. A slotted flash hider similar to that of the contemporary L1 rifle and L7 general purpose machine gun replaced the conical flash hider. The change from a rimmed to rimless cartridge and nearly straight magazine improved feeding considerably, and allowed use of 20-round magazines from the 7.62 mm L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle. The 30-round magazine from the L4 also fitted the L1A1 rifle, but the magazine spring was not always strong enough to provide enough upward pressure to feed rounds correctly, this being remedied by stretching the magazine springs.The Bren was popular with the soldiers who fired it (known as Brenners) as it was light and durable, and had a reputation for accuracy. The most notable use of the Bren by Irish forces was in the Congo Crisis during the 1960s, when the Bren was the regular army's standard section automatic weapon.Overall length 45.5 inches, 25 inch barrel length. Weight 22 lb, 2oz.Weight 23 lb, 3 oz.The bipod was simplified in design as well as not having extending legs. Most Mk2 bipods resembled a simple A-frame and were more 'soldier proof'. The Mk2 also featured a slightly higher rate of fire than the Mk1.
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The barrel was also simplified by means of a non-stepped removable flash hider and, in some cases, a barrel fore-end that was matte instead of highly polished. The buffered buttplate of the Mk1 was omitted and replaced with a sheet metal buttplate.This was similar to the Mk2 but with the light weight features of the early Mk1. With the main distinguishing feature being a shorter barrel and serrated area in front of the barrel nut. Overall length 42.9 inches, 22.25 inch barrel length. Weight 19 lb, 5 oz.Overall length 42.9 inches, 22.25 inch barrel length. Weight 19 lb, 2 oz.L4 Brens can easily be identified by their different magazine. The British-issue L4 magazine is of 30-round capacity and has a slight curve. The L4 magazine was interchangeable with the L1A1 SLR magazine, so the L4 Bren also can be seen fitted with straight 20-round magazines from the SLR or with the straight 30-round magazine from the Australian L2A1 or Canadian C2A1 heavy-barrel SLR. The flash suppressor was changed from the cone type of.303 variants to a slotted type similar in appearance to that used on the SLR and L7 GPMG. All L4s are chambered for 7.62?51mm NATO rimless ammunition.None made but drawings prepared for overseas buyerThe Taden was belt-fed with spade grips and would have replaced both the Bren and the Vickers machine gun.Surplus Brens have been imported to the United States for sale to collectors, but due to US gun laws restricting the importation of automatic weapons such guns must be legally destroyed by cutting up the receivers. A number of US gunsmiths have manufactured new semiautomatic Brens by welding the pieces of destroyed receivers back together, with modifications to prevent the use of full automatic parts, and fitting new fire-control components capable of only semiautomatic fire. The balance of the parts are surplus Bren parts.Both countries shared the capital costs of bringing in this new production facility.
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Production started in 1940, and by 1943 Inglis was producing 60 of the world output of Bren machine guns. Further British requests for modifications led to the ZGB 32, ZGB 33, and ZGB 34, the last being accepted for production as the Bren with the first Enfield production gun being completed in September 1937. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books. p. 92. ISBN 978-0811707251. Retrieved 4 January 2016.Men-at Arms 312. London: Osprey Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-85532-658-3. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-1472816092. Cooper Square Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0815411666. Columbia University Press. p. 43. ISBN 9781448114290. The Samworth Press. The Samworth Press. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Learn more - opens in a new window or tab This amount is subject to change until you make payment. For additional information, see the Global Shipping Programme terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab This amount is subject to change until you make payment. If you reside in an EU member state besides UK, import VAT on this purchase is not recoverable. For additional information, see the Global Shipping Programme terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab Learn More - opens in a new window or tab Learn More - opens in a new window or tab Learn More - opens in a new window or tab Learn More - opens in a new window or tab Learn More - opens in a new window or tab The book cover has no visible wear, and the dust jacket No missing or damaged pages, no creases or tears, no underlining or highlighting of text, and no writing in the margins. May have no identifying marks on the inside cover. No wear and tear. See the seller’s listing for full details and description of any imperfections. Contact the seller - opens in a new window or tab and request post to your location. Please enter a valid postcode. Please enter a number less than or equal to 13.
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You're covered by the eBay Money Back Guarantee if you receive an item that is not as described in the listing. Find out more about your rights as a buyer - opens in a new window or tab and exceptions - opens in a new window or tab. We print to order so everything we advertise is always available. That said, it takes a day or two to enter, print, collate and bind catalogs we sell so please be patient. Postal delivery varies. International orders require varying postage based on weight-ask. All Rights Reserved. User Agreement, Privacy, Cookies and AdChoice Norton Secured - powered by Verisign. This amount is subject to change until you make payment. For additional information, see the Global Shipping Programme terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab This amount is subject to change until you make payment. If you reside in an EU member state besides UK, import VAT on this purchase is not recoverable. For additional information, see the Global Shipping Programme terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab Delivery times may vary, especially during peak periods and will depend on when your payment clears - opens in a new window or tab. Learn more - opens in a new window or tab See the seller's listing for full details. We may receive commission if your application for credit is successful. All Rights Reserved. User Agreement, Privacy, Cookies and AdChoice Norton Secured - powered by Verisign. While best known for its role as the British and Commonwealth forces' primary infantry light machine gun (LMG) in World War II, it was also used in the Korean War and saw service throughout the latter half of the 20th century, including the 1982 Falklands War. Although fitted with a bipod, it could also be mounted on a tripod or vehicle-mounted. The later Bren featured a distinctive top-mounted curved box magazine, conical flash hider and quick change barrel. The name Bren was derived from Brno, Moravia, the Czechoslovak city where the Zb vz.
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26 was originally designed (in Zbrojovka Brno Factory), and Enfield, site of the British Royal Small Arms Factory. The original and main designer was Vaclav Holek, a talented gun inventor and design engineer. It was replaced in the British Army as the section LMG by the L7 general-purpose machine gun (GPMG), a heavier belt-fed weapon. This was in turn supplemented in the 1980s by the L86 Light Support Weapon firing the 5.56?45mm NATO round, leaving the Bren in use only as a pintle mount on some vehicles. Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. Start Free Trial Cancel anytime. Report this Document Download Now save Save Bren Gun Manual For Later 0 ratings 0 found this document useful (0 votes) 1K views 12 pages Bren Gun Manual Uploaded by flammingfart Description: A Simple Manual Of the British bren machine gun Full description save Save Bren Gun Manual For Later 0 0 found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 0 0 found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Embed Share Print Download Now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 12 Search inside document Browse Books Site Directory Site Language: English Change Language English Change Language. I own none of them. I will provide credit when possible. Ww2 Pictures Ww2 Photos Historical Pictures Ww2 History Military History Operation Market Garden Army Infantry Man Of War Canadian History THE BRITISH ARMY IN NORTH-WEST EUROPE 1944-45 Men of the 7th Seaforth Highlanders, 15th (Scottish) Division, keep an eye out for snipers from a ruined building in Uelzen, 18 April 1945. Light Machine Gun Machine Guns 4th Infantry Division North African Campaign Military History Armed Forces World War Two Troops Wwii History Wars Indian troops man a Bren gun on an anti-aircraft mounting, Western Desert, 18 April 1941.
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Ww2 History Military History Germany Ww2 British Armed Forces Soviet Army Man Of War War Image French Army Military Diorama THE BRITISH ARMY IN NORTH-WEST EUROPE 1944-1945 Men of the 4th Royal Welch Regiment fire a Bren gun from a window in Weeze, 3 March 1945. Greek Soldier Italian Campaign North African Campaign Home Guard The Rifleman Afrika Korps Man Of War Story Of The World East Africa SECOND WORLD WAR 1939 - 1945: NORTH AFRICA. Greek troops manning Bren guns in a forward position. It was a party atmosphere. We realized we were now in the battlefields of the First War which our fathers had known so well. Poland Ww2 Poland History War Image War Dogs European History My Heritage North Africa Military History World War Two History. Desperate to give his boat some means of protection, one of those civilians went to an ordnance depot before departing to ask a veteran British chief petty officer for some firepower. Brens are too bloody accurate. With a Lewis, you get plenty of spray and that, plus the motion of your cockleshell, should get you out of trouble.” The gun’s unique features helped account for that level of accuracy. The butt, for example, contained two sets of springs: the butt-plate buffer spring and the piston-return spring. Both were arranged to minimize the weapon’s recoil. The reliable adjustable bipod, together with the well-placed pistol grip and carrying handle for further support, ensured that the operator had good control over the weapon. Elevation could be adjusted while the firer was prone by increasing or decreasing the distance between the elbows. Originally produced in the state-owned Zbrojovka Brno factory, it was eventually modified and put into production at the British Small Arms Factory in Enfield—hence the name, which draws from the first two letters of both towns. To prevent damage to the spring, however, magazines generally were loaded only with 27 to 28 rounds.

As the gun was fired, empty rounds would fall from an aperture on the underside of the gun immediately in front of the trigger. To cut down on ammunition expenditure and barrel wear in combat conditions, the weapon was usually fired in short bursts of four to five rounds. If done properly, this would give up to a minute of firing time before having to reload. Firing that way required practice, however. The gunner had to learn how to hold the trigger and count “one hundred and one” at a moderately slow pace. At a full rate of fire, the gun would go through four magazines in a minute, and the barrel would have to be changed after 10 magazines or, as the manual noted, the gun “may get so hot it starts playing tricks.” A spare pail of water was often not available, however, and in combat most Tommies did without that simple procedure. “The Bren was a good weapon,” a member of No. 4 Commando recalled, “but if you fired it too long and too quick, the barrel heated up and the accuracy decreased.Before firing, the operator would lie prone, resting the butt of the weapon on the ground and sliding the magazine’s opening cover forward. The gunner would pick up a full magazine with his right hand and, after verifying that the visible cartridges were loaded correctly, would engage the lip of the magazine at the front end of the opening and tilt the magazine backward until the clip engaged. The gunner would then pull back the cocking handle on the right side as far as possible before returning it to its forward position and moving the selector switch from the “S” (safe) position to either “A” for automatic fire or “R” for rifle fire (i.e., single rounds). A charge of gas pushed the bullet two-thirds of the way up the barrel, at which point a proportion of the gas was directed through a vent and onto the piston head via a regulator. The gas regulator had four positions, each allowing an increased flow of residual gas (which had to be adjusted for individual weapons).

Gas from the regulator then drove back the piston, actuating the mechanism so that the next round left the magazine and settled cleanly in the breech. When set to fire single shots, a sear was positioned to engage the bent on the piston post and prevent its forward motion until the trigger was squeezed again. It was always possible to tell a.303 cartridge fired from a Bren because the firing pin left an oblong dent in the fulminate cap. All the gunner needed to do was draw out the body-locking pin, which was designed to be pulled just far enough to remove the butt and no farther—a valuable feature that ensured the piece could not be put down and lost. The butt was then pulled to the rear, and the breechblock and piston removed. Once the barrel-nut catch was lifted, the barrel would be drawn out with a half-twist, and the weapon was ready to be cleaned. Magazines had to be loaded carefully, with the rim of the.303 cartridge placed in front of the rim of the one beneath it. Also, because the magazine was on top of the weapon, the foresight and backsight were offset. Adjusting the backsight for elevation was by means of the backsight drum. This click mechanism was useful at night, when to set the range the drum was moved as far back as it could go and the range was then set by moving the drum forward two clicks for every hundred yards. Unlike a rifle, the LMG was correctly aligned when the tip of the foresight was in the center of the target. We had to knock that one on the head pretty quick, but I’ve often wondered whether the Duke of Edinburgh was one of those little boys.” The overwhelming majority of users favored the weapon’s weight, accuracy and ease of operation. It was so versatile that it could even be used in an anti-aircraft role, the gunners normally discarding the 30- pound tripod and firing at attacking Stukas and Messerschmitts while lying on their backs.

As the perimeter around the port closed, the LMG repeatedly laid out a blanket of withering and highly accurate fire that turned back repeated attacks and bought more time to get soldiers away to safety. Shoot at them with a Bren gun from the shoulder. Take them like a high pheasant. Give them plenty of lead. Remember, ?5 to any man who brings one down.” The latter were used to protect rifle and Bren barrels from sand and seawater during the landings.” Although now chambered for the standard 7.62mm NATO round, the venerable LMG can still be counted on to provide “bloody accurate” fire when most needed. To subscribe, click here. This book is a practical guide to the handling and maintenance of these two iconic weapons, as used by the allied armies during WW2. Full of fascinating information and illustrated with excellent diagrams of the Sten and Bren, this book will tell you all you need to know about their maintenance and use. Condition: In good condition. The card cover shows general signs of wear and use. The stapled binding is secure. The text and illustrations are in good condition, with some age toning of the paper. Published: 1942 Illustrated with line drawings Dimensions: 180mm x 125mm Pages: 47.

IIRC, China was also a user, as a number were supplied to Chiang Kai-sheks army. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.7.147.13 ( talk ) 15:03, 12 December 2013 (UTC) The BAR article makes mention of such variants of said system. 66.191.19.68 ( talk ) 22:01, 15 October 2008 (UTC)I know that for civilian use they can be converted to semi auto, or bolt only, but they are rare — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.167.69.4 ( talk ) 14:40, 3 September 2013 (UTC) Initial versions of the weapon were sometimes considered too accurate because the cone or pattern of fire was extremely concentrated, resulting in multiple hits on one or two enemies, with other enemy soldiers going untouched. More than a few soldiers expressed a preference for worn-out barrels in order to spread the cone of fire among several targets.If he's correct, then perhaps the article should be changed.I'm afraid I don't have access to this work. Can anyone quote which part of the book makes this claim?Their reasoning, based on actual experience of firing a Bren, is that a light machine-gun on a bipod will always be jumping around a little and disperse its fire. They consider Dunlap's World War 2 memoir to be a generally good, but flawed in places as Dunlap sometimes repeats hearsay, rather then setting down things he had direct knowledge of. But there doesn't seem to be anything reliable that can be cited to contradict him. Just other sources repeating a story that may have originated with him. Catsmeat ( talk ) 23:43, 29 October 2017 (UTC). Just added my signature. CMarshall ( talk ) 07:14, 28 September 2009 (UTC)I would add it myself but my scant knowledge is from being an army cadet nearly fifty years ago. I do remember it was rather unsafe being anywhere near the business end of a gun firing blanks as balsa splinters can do some damage. TheOneOnTheLeft ( talk ) 14:19, 9 May 2011 (UTC)Please take a moment to review my edit.

If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Reibel assisted by Chief Armorer Chosse Designed 1920 - 1924 Manufacturer Manufacture d'Armes de Chatellerault Unit cost.It fires the French 7.5?54mm round which is equivalent in ballistics and striking power to the later 7.62?51mm NATO (.308 Winchester ) and 7.62?54mmR round. A robust and reliable weapon partly derived from the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) action, the FM 1924 M29 soldiered on, practically without interruptions, for more than 50 years.French commanders considered standardizing on the American Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), but eventually required the development of a locally built weapon. MAS (an abbreviation of Manufacture d'Armes de St. Etienne - one of several government-owned arms factories in France) proposed a direct derivative of the BAR, but the Manufacture d'Armes de Chatellerault (MAC) won the bid with its weapon, which was partly derived from the BAR action. It had been formulated and designed by a Lieutenant Colonel Reibel assisted by Chief Armorer Chosse.It was immediately well-received and even favorably compared in performance with the much heavier Hotchkiss machine gun. However, problems created by the new 7.5mm ammunition did appear. This situation led to the development of a slightly shorter 7.5?54mm round, which was retained in 1929 as the standard ammunition for all future rifles and light machine guns in French service. The modified fusil-mitrailleur modele 1924 modifie 1929 (FM Mle 1924 M29) was mass-manufactured (187,412), beginning in 1930.