Berlitz London Pocket Guide | [Unlimited Free EBooks]

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Please try again.Please try again.Please try again. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Videos Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video. Upload video To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. Books You don't have any books yet. Studylists You don't have any Studylists yet. Recent Documents You haven't viewed any documents yet. Register for free to always be aware of new documents in this course. It looks like your browser needs updating. For the best experience on Quizlet, please update your browser. Learn More. Which of the following statements are examples of academic misconduct? A. Attempting to receive credit for work performed by another, including papers obtained fully or in part from individuals or other sources. B. Observing your lab partner copying answers or duplicating lab reports and keeping this action to yourself. C. Acquiring answers for any assigned work from any unauthorized source. D. Discussing experimental results and assignments with other students in the class and putting the information in your own words for your laboratory report. A. Attempting to receive credit for work performed by another, including papers obtained fully or in part from individuals or other sources. B. Observing your lab partner copying answers or duplicating lab reports and keeping this action to yourself. C. Acquiring answers for any assigned work from any unauthorized source. How can a student know how much drying agent to use? A. The student cannot know how much drying agent to use until they know the percent yield of their product. B. The student should only used 2 to 3 chips. C.

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If the drying agent swirls, the student has added enough. If all of the drying agent stays clumped together, the student needs to add a little more drying agent to the sample. D. If the drying agent swirls, the student needs to add a little more drying agent to the sample. If all of the drying agent stays clumped together, then the student has added enough. C. If the drying agent swirls, the student has added enough. If all of the drying agent stays clumped together, the student needs to add a little more drying agent to the sample. Where are experimental observations recorded during lab? A. On a separate piece of notebook paper that can be attached to the report. B. On the sash of the fume hood. C. In a separate duplicate-page notebook with numbered pages. D. The report form provided at the end of each experiment document. C. In a separate duplicate-page notebook with numbered pages. Consider the reaction of cyclohexanol and an acid catalyst to obtain cyclohexene. Select the precautions students should NOT take when handling hazardous chemicals. A. Read the pre-lab and specific experiment information before entering the laboratory. B. Wash hands with soap and water after contact with harmful reagents or solvents. C. Minimize spillage and contact with the chemicals. D. There are no precautions needed. The student should trust that the instructor has made sure that all chemicals are safe for use. E. Wear proper protective eye wear. D. There are no precautions needed. The student should trust that the instructor has made sure that all chemicals are safe for use. If there is a chemical spill, the student should immediately report it. A. True B. False A. True At the end of an experiment, a student has an unused portion of reagent. Where should he or she place it? A. Return it to the original container. B. Pour the chemical in the trash can. C. Pour the chemical down the drain. D.

See if anyone else doing the experiment needs some of the reagent or dispose of it in the proper waste container. D. See if anyone else doing the experiment needs some of the reagent or dispose of it in the proper waste container. If a student spills a chemical on his skin or clothing, what should he do? Select two. A. Use the safety shower for spills that cover more than the student's arms. B. Not worry, none of the chemicals in the laboratory are harmful to adults. C. Do nothing, the instructor has made sure all chemicals are safe for handling. D. Wash with soap and water immediately. A. Use the safety shower for spills that cover more than the student's arms. D. Wash with soap and water immediately. Cover the flame with a watch glass or a hard-back book. IV. Use the Safety Shower or the Fire Blanket. A. Small fire contained completely with a beaker. - III. Cover the flame with a watch glass or a hard-back book. B. Fire confined to a small portion of clothing. - I. Pat the Fire Out. C. The entire room is on fire. - II. Sound the Fire Alarm and Leave the Building D. A large portion of your clothes is on fire. - IV. Use the Safety Shower or the Fire Blanket. As before you will do the tests first with a series of known compounds in order to practice doing them and then you will use them to determine the identity of an unknown carbonyl. This is a long experiment and usually requires two full lab periods. Part I Chemical Tests Test 1: 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone Test Most aldehydes and ketones will react with dinitrophenylhydrazine within a few minutes to give a brightly colored orange-yellow precipitate. It is prepared by dissolving 1.0 g of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in 5.0 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and then slowly adding this solution with stirring to a solution of 7.0 mL water in 25 mL 95 ethanol. You will perform this test on six different sample compounds: cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, acetone, benzaldehyde, tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate.

Prepare six small test tubes. Be sure there is no acetone present. If you use acetone to clean the test tubes, make sure you rinse the tubes with water before using them. They do not need to be dry. Dissolve 2-3 drops of your test compound in 2 mL 95 ethanol in a small test tube and mix this solution with 2 mL of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent. Look for the formation of an orange-yellow precipitate to docsity.com 2 indicate the presence of an aldehyde or ketone. Record your results in your notebook. The color of the crystals, if any, is not indicative of an aldehyde or ketone but only that such a group is present. Test 2: Tollen’s Test This test is selective for aldehydes. It is based on the fact that aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids while ketones can not. Ketones do not undergo this reaction. When the metallic Ag0 is produced it forms a silver mirror on the inner side of the test tube. In order for the mirror to form, the test tube must be very clean and without many scratches inside. The test tubes must be thoroughly rinsed with water and soap. First prepare the Tollen’s reagent by adding 5 mL of 5 silver nitrate to 2 freshly cleaned medium sized test tubes. Add 3 drops of 10 sodium hydroxide to each test tube. Mix the solutions thoroughly. A brown- gray precipitate should form. To each tube add 10 ammonium hydroxide solution drop-wise, shaking after the addition of each drop, until the precipitate just dissolves. Add 2-3 drops of ketone to one test tube and 2-3 drops of aldehyde to the other one. Shake the tubes to mix them and allow them to stand without shaking for 10 minutes. Look for the formation of the silver mirror. Clean-up: To clean your tests tubes from the Tollen’s test you need to dissolve the silver in 20 nitric acid. This forms water-soluble silver nitrate. Add a few mL of 20 nitric acid solution to the test tube which contains the silver mirror and, using your test tube brush, dissolve all the solid material.

Again, ketones do not react. Benedict’s solution is made by dissolving copper sulfate, sodium citrate, and sodium carbonate together in water. Procedure: Set-up six medium test tubes. We will do the Benedict’s test on cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, acetone, benzaldehyde, tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate. Label the test tubes accordingly. Add 2 mL Benedict’s solution to each of the test tubes and then add 2-3 drops of test compound to each test tube. Heat the test tubes in boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Look for the formation first of a pale green color followed by the formation of the reddish precipitate of cuprous oxide. A yellow precipitate indicates a positive test. Fill the test tube with water and allow it to stand for 15 minutes. A yellow precipitate indicates a positive test for a methyl ketone but a positive test is also produced by acetaldehyde, CH3CHO, and ethanol, which is oxidized by the I2 to acetaldehyde. Part II Identification of Carbonyl Unknown: You will now identify a carbonyl unknown using the tests above and by preparing derivatives of your unknown and taking the melting points. Your unknown will be one of those carbonyls listed in Table 13.1 at the end of this experiment. By comparing the melting points of your unknown derivatives to known values reported in the literature (see Table 13.1) you can identify exactly your unknown compound. You can confirm this identification by taking the IR and matching it with one of the spectra given in Appendix 13.1. Procedure: Get a sample of an unknown aldehyde or ketone from the teaching assistant. Your first task is to determine whether or not it is an aldehyde or a ketone. Perform the Chromic Acid Test, the Tollen’s Test, and the Iodoform Test. You will now prepare at least two derivatives of the unknown in order to determine its exact identity. Looking at the list in Table 13.1 you see that there are three possible derivatives that you can use.

Begin by preparing the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone and the semicarbazone. If, however, these two derivatives do not give you a clear answer, then you will have to prepare the phenylhydrazone derivative. It is recommended that you prepare all three derivatives so as to give you extra information in helping you make your final identification. But note from looking at Table 13.1 you can see that some of the derivatives form oils rather docsity.com 6 than solids with phenylhydrazone and so do not provide melting point data. You will ultimately be making your identification on the basis of melting points and the purity of the sample that you use is critical in helping you obtain accurate melting points. Wet compounds do not melt at the expected range. In making your final judgment regarding the identity of the compound, remember that any and all mistakes made in taking melting points give numbers that are too low. You can also determine the boiling point so as to help narrow your choices but it can be difficult to get an accurate boiling point. Preparation of Semicarbazones Dissolve 2.0 g of semicarbazide hydrochloride in 20 mL water. Add 3.0 g of crystalline sodium acetate. Mix and divide the reagent into two equal portions. Set aside one portion to use with your unknown. You will prepare one semi-carbazone using methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) for practice in order to learn the proper technique and to see if you can obtain an accurate melting point and then you will prepare a semi-carbazone using your unknown. Add 0.5 mL (10 drops) of methyl ethyl ketone to one portion of the semicarbazide solution. Stopper the test tube with a cork and shake vigorously. Filter the crystals using the Hirsch funnel and recrystallize from ethyl alcohol using the procedure described below. Be careful that you do not use too much ethanol since the semi-carbazones are generally very soluble in ethanol. When the product is dry, determine its melting point range.

If the melting point agrees with that given in Table 13.1 then proceed to your unknown. Note that the melting point ranges actually obtained in the laboratory will invariable be lower than the values reported in the literature due to impurities such as water and ethanol. The semi- carbazones are very soluble in ethanol so do not too much in the beginning. A good rule-of-thumb is to add just enough solvent to cover the crystals. Heat the mixture to boiling in a water bath using a hot plate.It burns with a gentle flame just like a candle. Simply cover the end of the test tube with your watch glass to extinguish the flame. If the product dissolves very readily in the initial volume of alcohol, it is best to boil off some of the alcohol. Then, add a few drops of water until a faint turbidity persists. If your compound does not dissolve in the initial amount of ethyl alcohol when heated to boiling, then add more ethyl alcohol a few drops at a time and reheat to boiling after each addition until the solution just becomes clear. Note: you should work fairly quickly because your ethyl alcohol can all boil away if you leave it in the boiling water bath. Once the solution becomes clear, add a few drops of water until a faint turbidity persists. docsity.com 7 Cool the test tube, first to room temperature slowly, and then in an ice bath. Collect the crystals that form by suction filtration using the Hirsch funnel. Wash the crystals with 1 mL of ice-cold ethyl alcohol and dry them as much as possible on a piece of filter paper. Transfer a small amount of the product to a piece of filter paper on a watch glass and complete the drying process by crushing the product on the paper. Determine the melting point and record this in your notebook. Preparation of 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones Obtain 20 mL of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent. Divide this into two equal portions. Save one portion for your unknown. To one portion, add 0.5 mL (10 drops) of benzaldehyde.
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Shake vigorously to ensure thorough mixing. The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone usually forms immediately. If no precipitate forms, set the mixture aside for 15 minutes. Scratch the wall of the test tube occasionally with a glass stirring rod to help induce crystallization. If the crystalline slurry which forms is too thick and heavy to filter easily, dilute it with 10-15 mL water. Filter using the Hirsch funnel and recrystallize a portion of your material (a large spatula tip is enough) from ethyl alcohol using the procedure above as described for the semi-carbazone. Note, however, that the 2,4-dinitrophenylkhydrazone is much less soluble in ethanol than the semi-carbazone and you must use a lot more ethanol. Note that the solubility will also depend on which unknown derivative you have made. Use a medium or large test tube. When the material is dry, determine the melting point. If the melting point agrees with the literature value given in Table 13.1 then proceed with your unknown. If not, make sure the hydrazone is dry and pure. You may need to recrystallize them a second time. Preparation of Phenylhydrazones: First prepare a known phenylhydrazone using benzaldehyde to ensure the proper technique and then repeat the preparation using your unknown. Obtain 20 mL of phenylhydrazine-HCl reagent. Divide this into two 10 mL portions in two medium sized test tubes. To the other portion, add 0.5 mL (10 drops) of benzaldehyde. Stopper the test tube with a cork and shake vigorously until the product crystallizes. Filter the crystals with suction using your small Hirsch funnel. Wash the solid thoroughly with water. Recrystallize the product from ethyl alcohol using the procedure described above. If the melting point agrees with that given in Table 13.1 then proceed with your unknown. Procedure for Boiling Point Determination Use the set-up shown in Figure 13.8 to determine the boiling point. You will need 2-3 mL of your unknown.

Place this in a 25 mL round bottom flask along with 2-3 boiling stones. Use the open ended Claisen adapter. Lower the thermometer so that it is just below the mouth of the round bottom flask. Heat the unknown liquid to boiling and continue heating until droplets of the liquid coat the thermometer and you reach a constant temperature. Record this temperature. No vapors should escape but if you do smell vapors escaping, then place a condensing column in the open mouth of the Claisen adapter (not shown in the figure). You do not need to connect the water hoses for such a small volume. When you are done, you should allow the liquid to cool and then recover as much of the liquid as you can so that you have enough for the future tests. Determination of the boiling point will help you narrow down the possible choices for your unknown. docsity.com TransmittanceCy clopentanoneEsCc. For students without high school chemistry or with limited mathematics background. Successful completion of CHEM 110 prepares students to enroll in CHEM 142. Prerequisite: assessment of skills by taking the General Chemistry Placement Exam. Offered: AWS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 110 Not for students majoring in biochemistry, chemistry, or engineering. Includes matter and energy, chemical nomenclature, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, modern atomic theory, chemical bonding. Laboratory. Only 5 credits can be counted toward graduation from the following: CHEM 120, CHEM 142, CHEM 145. Prerequisite: Assessment of skills by taking General Chemistry Placement Exam Offered: AS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 120 Atomic nature of matter, quantum mechanics, ionic and covalent bonding, molecular geometry, stoichiometry, solution stoichiometry, kinetics, and gas laws. Includes laboratory. Cannot be taken for credit if credit received for CHEM 120. Prerequisite: either a minimum grade of 1.

7 in CHEM 110, a passing score in the General Chemistry Placement exam, or a score of 1 or higher on Chemistry AP test. Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 142 For science and engineering majors. Stoichiometry, gas laws, atomic structure, quantum mechanics, general bonding, kinetics, gas-phase equilibria, acid-base equilibria, applications of aqueous equilibria. No more than 6 credits from the following may count toward graduation requirements: CHEM 142, CHEM 143, CHEM 145. Prerequisite: Either CHEM 110, or a passing score on the General Chemistry Placement Exam, or a score of 1 or higher on Chemistry AP exam. Offered: A. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 143 Includes laboratory. No more than the number of credits indicated can be counted toward graduation from the following course groups: CHEM 142, CHEM145 (5 credits); CHEM 145, CHEM 155, CHEM 162 (10 credits). Prerequisite: either MATH 124 or MATH 134, either of which may be taken concurrently; score of 66 on HCHEMC placement test, score of 3, 4 or 5 on AP Chemistry exam, or IB score of 5, 6, or 7 on high level chemistry exam. Offered: A. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 145 Includes laboratory. No more than 5 credits can be counted toward graduation from the following course group: CHEM 152, CHEM 155. Prerequisite: minimum grade of 1.7 in either CHEM 142, CHEM 143 or CHEM 145. Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 152 Thermodynamics, electrochemistry, bonding, liquids, solid and solutions, transition metals. Prerequisite: 2.0 in CHEM 143. Offered: W. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 153 Includes laboratory. Together CHEM 145 and CHEM 155 cover material in CHEM 142, CHEM 152, and CHEM 162. No more than the number of credits indicated can be counted toward graduation from the following course groups: CHEM 152 or CHEM 155 (5 credits); CHEM 145, CHEM 155, CHEM 162 (10 credits). Prerequisite: minimum grade of 2.2 in CHEM 145. Offered: W.

View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 155 Includes laboratory. No more than 5 credits can be counted toward graduate from the following course group: CHEM 162, CHEM 165. Prerequisite: minimum grade of 1.7 in CHEM 152. Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 162 Includes coordination complexes, geochemistry, and metallurgy. Additional material on environmental applications of basic chemistry presented. No more than the number of credits indicated can be counted toward graduation from the following course groups: CHEM 162, CHEM 165 (5 credits); CHEM 165, CHEM 312 (5 credits). Prerequisite: minimum grade of 2.2 in CHEM 155. Offered: Sp. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 165 Students interface with research groups. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 196 Not applicable toward chemistry degree requirements. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 197. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 198 Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 199 Not for students majoring in biochemistry, chemistry, or engineering. Introduction to organic chemistry including organic compounds, functional groups, aromaticity, and stereochemistry. No more than 5 credits can be counted toward graduation from the following course group: CHEM 220, CHEM 223, CHEM 237, CHEM 335. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 1.7 in either CHEM 120 or CHEM 142. Offered: W. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 220 Not for students majoring in biochemistry, chemistry, or engineering. Introduction to biochemistry including biomolecular structure, proteins, nucleic acids, biochemical cycles, and cellular energetics. No more than 5 credits can be counted toward graduation from the following course group: CHEM 221, CHEM 224, CHEM 239, CHEM 337. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 1.7 in CHEM 220. Offered: Sp. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 221 Introduction to structure, nomenclature, properties, and reactions of the main functional families of organic compounds. Stereochemistry and spectroscopy.

Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 1.7 in either CHEM 152, CHEM 153, or CHEM 155. Offered: AS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 223 Structure, nomenclature, properties, and reactions of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid derivatives, amines, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids. No laboratory accompanies this course, but CHEM 241 laboratory may be taken concurrently. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 1.7 in CHEM 223. Offered: WS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 224 Structure, nomenclature, reactions, and synthesis of the main types of organic compounds. No organic laboratory accompanies this course. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 1.7 in either CHEM 153, CHEM 155, or CHEM 162. Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 237 Further discussion of physical properties and transformations of organic molecules, especially aromatic and carbonyl compounds. No more than the number of credits indicated can be counted toward graduation from the following course groups: CHEM 238, CHEM 336 (4 credits). Prerequisite: either 1.7 in CHEM 237, 1.7 in CHEM 335, or 1.7 in B CHEM 237. Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 238 Polyfunctional compounds and natural products, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Includes introduction to membranes, enzyme mechanisms, prosthetic groups, macromolecular conformations and supramolecular architecture. No more than 5 credits can be counted toward graduation from the following: CHEM 221, CHEM 224, CHEM 239, CHEM 337. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 1.7 in either CHEM 238, CHEM 335, or B CHEM 238. Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 239 Preparation of representative compounds. Designed to be taken with CHEM 224 or CHEM 238. No more than the number of credits indicated can be counted toward graduation from the following course group: CHEM 241, CHEM 346 (3 credits). Prerequisite: minimum 1.

7 grade in CHEM 223, CHEM 237, CHEM 335 or B CHEM 237; minimum grade of 1.7 in either CHEM 224, CHEM 238, CHEM 336, or B CHEM 238, any of which may be taken concurrently. Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 241 Designed to be taken with 239. No more than the number of credits indicated can be counted toward graduation from the following course group: CHEM 242, CHEM 347 (3 credits). Prerequisite: minimum 1.7 grade in either CHEM 241, CHEM 346, or B CHEM 241; minimum grade of 1.7 in either CHEM 224, CHEM 238, CHEM 336, or B CHEM 238; minimum grade of 1.7 in CHEM 224, or minimum grade of 1.7 in CHEM 239, CHEM 337, or B CHEM 239 which may be taken concurrently. Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 242 Content varies and is individually evaluated. Credit does not apply to major degree requirements without departmental approval. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 291. Not applicable toward chemistry degree requirements. Prerequisite: CHEM 197. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 297. Requires writing a scientific report. Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 299 Aqueous chemistry, solid state chemistry, and everyday aspects of inorganic chemistry emphasized. Not intended for students who have completed CHEM 165. No more than the number of credits indicated can be counted toward graduation from the following course group: CHEM 165, CHEM 312 (5 credits). Prerequisite: either CHEM 153, CHEM 155 or CHEM 162; and either CHEM 224, CHEM 238, CHEM 336, or B CHEM 238. Offered: AWS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 312 Techniques of preparation and characterization of inorganic compounds. Handling of air-sensitive materials and gases. Prerequisite: either CHEM 165 or CHEM 312; and either CHEM 242, CHEM 347, or B CHEM 242. Offered: WSp. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 317 Laboratory computer use included. Prerequisite: either CHEM 153, CHEM 155, or CHEM 162. Offered: AWSpS.

View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 321 Structure, nomenclature, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds. Theory and mechanism of organic reactions. Studies of biomolecules. Prerequisite: either CHEM 155 or CHEM 162. Offered: A. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 335 Structure, nomenclature, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds. No more than 4 credits can be counted toward graduation from the following course groups: CHEM 238, CHEM 336. Prerequisite: minimum grade of 2.2 in CHEM 335. Offered: W. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 336 Structure, nomenclature, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds. Biomolecules. Introduction to membranes, enzyme mechanisms, prosthetic groups, macromolecular conformations, and supramolecular architecture. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 2.2 in CHEM 336. Offered: Sp. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 337 No more than the number of credits indicated can be counted toward graduation from the following course group: CHEM 241, CHEM 346 (3 credits). Prerequisite: 1.7 in CHEM 335; minimum 1.7 grade in CHEM 336, which may be taken concurrently. Offered: W. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 346 To accompany CHEM 337. Prerequisite: minimum 1.7 grade in CHEM 336; minimum 2.2 grade in CHEM 346; minimum 1.7 grade in CHEM 337, which may be taken concurrently. Offered: Sp. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 347. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 397. Offered: AWSpS. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 399 Prerequisite: either CHEM 165 or CHEM 312; either CHEM 453, CHEM 455, or CHEM 475, which may be taken concurrently. Offered: A. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 416 Structure and reactivity with applications to organic synthesis and catalysis. Prerequisite: either CHEM 224, CHEM 239, CHEM 337, or B CHEM 239; and CHEM 312. Offered: W. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 417 Prerequisite: either CHEM 453, CHEM 455, or CHEM 475. Offered: W. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 418 Prerequisite: CHEM 321. Offered: W.

View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 422 Prerequisite: CHEM 321Basic concepts of transducers, spectrometers, mass analysis, separation sciences, and computerized data acquisition and reduction. Prerequisite: CHEM 321. Offered: W. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 426 Emphasis on bioinformatics as well as the role of chemical measurements in medical diagnostics and biomedical research. Prerequisite: either BIOC 405, BIOC 440, or CHEM 321 Offered: A. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 428 Prerequisite: either CHEM 224, CHEM 239, CHEM 337, or B CHEM 239; and either CHEM 241, CHEM 321, CHEM 346, or B CHEM 241. Offered: A. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 429 Prerequisite: either CHEM 239, CHEM 337, or B CHEM 239. Offered: A. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 430 Discussion of practical methods for the synthesis of complex organic molecules with an emphasis on strategy and the control of stereochemistry. Prerequisite: CHEM 430. Offered: W. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 431 Application of chemical methods to the study of biological processes that occur in cells. Prerequisite: CHEM 239, CHEM 337, or B CHEM 239; CHEM 242 or CHEM 347. Offered: Sp. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 432 Prerequisite: CHEM 239, CHEM 337, or B CHEM 239. Offered: A. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 434 Topics include protein structure and function, how enzymes work as catalysts, kinetic methods, functional assays, and applications to current research. Prerequisite: either CHEM 224, CHEM 239, CHEM 337, or B CHEM 239; recommended: either BIOC 405 or BIOC 440 Offered: W. View course details in MyPlan: CHEM 436 Basic skills in data mining, data processing, and machine learning for materials research topics using Python taught through case studies and other methodologies. Recommended: prior programming experience; some experience with Python helpful. Offered: jointly with MSE 477; A.